The department of agronomy was originally from the Faculty of Science and Agriculture during Japanese occupation of Taipei, mainly established by Professor Iso Eikichi, Professor Yoshitaro Ichishima, Professor Masao Yasuda and Professor Toki Shibuya, who deliver a lecturer on Crop Science, Crop breeding and Industry Crops respectively.
In 1946, Taipei Imperial University was restructured into National Taiwan University. The department was officially named "Department of Agronomy." after merging three of the aforementioned lectures.
In the early years of the department, the faculty was divided into two main laboratories, crop physiology and crop breeding. Throughout subsequent years, the department has established several laboratories, the Biostatistics Laboratory (1946) and the Seed Laboratory (1957). Hence, the organizational structure of the department were complement with the establishment of two programmed- master and Ph.D. degree.
The Department of Agronomy of National Taiwan University is the earliest and momentous education and research unit in Taiwan. It has contributed a lot to the cultivation techniques and genetic improvement of Taiwan's food crops. In so doing, the end goal of our department is to lay a solid foundation for Taiwan's agricultural production and cultivated outstanding agricultural talents. Professor Iso Eikichi who was known as the "Father of Penglai Rice", had devoted the improvement of Taiwan’s rice crops and contributing significant achievements in teaching and research including p. Meanwhile, Professor Wang Jue-Ming founded the first Biostatistics Research Laboratory in Taiwan biostatistics’ field. Professor Jiang Bing-Ran of Agricultural Meteorology is also the pioneer of modern meteorology in Taiwan. The graduates of agronomy department are committed to variety breeding and cultivation techniques improvement in various agricultural improvement units to stabilizing economic growth.
From 1990s to the present, agricultural is contributing to the sustainable development. The department of agronomy has incorporating the latest crop-breeding methods to improve crop quality, developing biotechnology, molecular-assisted breeding, biological information, seed conservation, seedling regulations, sustainable agriculture and precise cultivation systems to build ecosystem-based agriculture combining production and conservation.